A 1.65 nW 11.14 ppm/°C Self-Biased Subthreshold CMOS Voltage Reference with Temperature Compensation Circuit

Abstract

This paper presents a subthreshold CMOS voltage reference (VR) that utilizes self-biased circuits. This voltage reference includes temperature compensation circuits to expand its operating temperature range and reduce its temperature coefficient. The proposed CMOS voltage reference is designed using a standard 0.18-μm CMOS process and has a small area of only 0.005 mm^2. Post-layout simulation results demonstrate that the power consumption of the circuit at room temperature (25°C) is only 1.65 nW at a power supply voltage of 1 V. In this case, the voltage reference output is 316.56 mV, with an average temperature coefficient (TC) of 11.14 ppm/°C in a wide temperature range from −40°C to 140°C. Furthermore, the line sensitivity (LS) of the circuit is 0.024 %/V, and the power supply rejection ratio (PSRR) of the circuit is −86.5 dB at 10 Hz. In summary, the subthreshold CMOS voltage reference structure proposed in this paper demonstrates excellent performance characteristics, such as low power consumption, a small area, and high-temperature stability. These features make it a promising candidate for voltage reference for low-power applications with significant changes in environmental temperature.

Yuxuan Huang

M.Sc.

My research interests include circuit design of low-power reference.

Jingjing Liu

Associate Professor

My research interests include low-power smart micro-sensor integrated circuit design, image sensors, biomedical sensors, and energy harvesting circuits.

Feng Yan

PhD Student

My research interests include circuit design of analog front end for biomedical applications and sensor interfaces.

Yuchen Wang

Master’s Student

My research interests include the design of high dynamic range and multi-mode image sensors.

Kangkang Sun

PhD Student

My research interests include circuit design of analog to digital converter for biomedical applications and SAR ADC.

Weijie Ge

PhD Student

My research interests include the design of radio frequency integrated circuits and energy harvesting circuits.